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Literary structure (chiasmus, chiasm) of Book of Numbers

Chiasmus and Concentric Structure of divided by 2

The centers of divided in two structures are "Moses and Hobab" (no. 13, 10:29-32) and "Balak and Balaam" (no. 37, 22:1-40). Each is about the cooperation of different ethnic groups. It is believed that the structure indicates that the acquisition of land in Canaan would not have been possible without the cooperation of different ethnic groups.


2-1

1 The first census of Israel (1:1-47)
  2 The duties of Levites (1:48-54)
    3 The order of encampment and marching (2:1-34)
      4 The duties and census of the Levites 1 (3:1-51)
        5 The duties and census of the Levites 2 (4:1-49)
          6 Regulations for rituals and vow (5:1-6:27)
            7 Offerings of the leaders (7:1-88)
              8 Consecration and Service of the Levites (7:89-8:26)
                9 The passover at Sinai (9:1-14)
                  10 The cloud and the fire (9:15-23)
                    11 The silver trumpets (10:1-10)
                      12 Departure from Sinai (10:11-28)
                        13 Moses and Hobab (10:29-32)
                      14 The ark of the covenant (10:33-36)
                    15 Complaining in the Desert (11:1-35)
                  16 Aaron and Miriam Jealous of Moses (12:1-16)
                17 Spies sent into Canaan (13:1-24)
              18 The report of the spies (13:25-33)
            19 The People Rebel (14:1-10)
          20 Sin of rebellion (14:11-35)
        21 An Attempted Invasion is Repulsed (14:36-45)
      22 Sin offerings (15:1-31)
    23 Penalty for violating the Sabbath (15:32-36)
  24 Fringes on garments (15:37-41)
25 Revolt of Korah, Dathan, and Abram (16:1-17:5)
Former halfRelationLatter half
1 The first census of Israel (1:1-47)
1:16These were councilors of the community, princes of their ancestral tribes, chiefs of the troops of Israel.
Leaders in the community25 Revolt of Korah, Dathan, and Abram (16:1-17:5)
16:2two hundred and fifty Israelites who were leaders in the community, members of the council and men of note. They stood before Moses,
2 The duties of Levites (1:48-54)
1:53the Levites shall camp around the Dwelling of the commandments. Otherwise God's wrath will strike the Israelite community. The Levites, then, shall have charge of the Dwelling of the commandments."
To prevent disaster24 Fringes on garments (15:37-41)
15:38"Speak to the Israelites and tell them that they and their descendants must put tassels on the corners of their garments, fastening each corner tassel with a violet cord. 15:39When you use these tassels, let the sight of them remind you to keep all the commandments of the LORD, without going wantonly astray after the desires of your hearts and eyes.
3 The order of encampment and marching (2:1-34)
2:2"The Israelites shall camp, each in his own division, under the ensigns of their ancestral houses. They shall camp around the meeting tent, but at some distance from it.
The camp ot Israelites23 Penalty for violating the Sabbath (15:32-36)
15:35"This man shall be put to death; let the whole community stone him outside the camp."
4 The duties and census of the Levites 1 (3:1-51)
Census of the Levites(3:1-51)
Rules for rituals22 Sin offerings (15:1-31)
Sin offering (15:17-31)
5 The duties and census of the Levites 2 (4:1-49)
4:5 In breaking camp, Aaron and his sons shall go in and take down the screening curtain and cover the ark of the commandments with it.(4:5)
Move the ark of the commandments21 An Attempted Invasion is Repulsed (14:36-45)
14:44 Yet they dared to go up into the foothills, even though neither the ark of the covenant of the LORD nor Moses left the camp. (14:44)
6 Regulations for rituals and vow (5:1-6:27)
5:6 "Tell the Israelites: If a man (or a woman) commits a fault against his fellow man and wrongs him, thus breaking faith with the LORD, 5:7 he shall confess the wrong he has done, restore his ill-gotten goods in full, and in addition give one fifth of their value to the one he has wronged. (5:6-7)
Sin and forgiveness20 Sin of rebellion (14:11-35)
14:18 'The LORD is slow to anger and rich in kindness, forgiving wickedness and crime; yet not declaring the guilty guiltless, but punishing children to the third and fourth generation for their fathers' wickedness.' (14:18)
7 Offerings of the leaders (7:1-88)
7:3 The offering they brought before the LORD consisted of six baggage wagons and twelve oxen, that is, a wagon for every two princes, and an ox for every prince. These they presented as their offering before the Dwelling.(7:3)
The presence of the LORD, consecration / revolt of the people19 The People Rebel (14:1-10)
14:10 In answer, the whole community threatened to stone them. But then the glory of the LORD appeared at the meeting tent to all the Israelites. (14:10)
8 Consecration and Service of the Levites (7:89-8:26)
8:20Thus, then, did Moses and Aaron and the whole community of the Israelites deal with the Levites, carrying out exactly the command which the LORD had given Moses concerning them.
In front of Moses and Aaron and the whole community18 The report of the spies (13:25-33)
13:26met Moses and Aaron and the whole community of the Israelites in the desert of Paran at Kadesh, made a report to them all, and showed them the fruit of the country.
9 The passover at Sinai (9:1-14)
9:10If any one of you or of your descendants is unclean because of a corpse, or if he is absent on a journey, he may still keep the LORD'S Passover.
Going to journey17 Spies sent into Canaan (13:1-24)
13:2"Send men to reconnoiter the land of Canaan, which I am giving to the Israelites.
10 The cloud and the fire (9:15-23)
9:17Whenever the cloud rose from the tent, the Israelites would break camp; wherever the cloud came to rest, they would pitch camp.
The cloud and tent16 Aaron and Miriam Jealous of Moses (12:1-16)
12:9So angry was the LORD against them that when he departed, 12:10 and the cloud withdrew from the tent,
11 The silver trumpets (10:1-10)
10:8"It is the sons of Aaron, the priests, who shall blow the trumpets; and the use of them is prescribed by perpetual statute for you and your descendants.
Works15 Complaining in the Desert (11:1-35)
11:17I will come down and speak with you there. I will also take some of the spirit that is on you and will bestow it on them, that they may share the burden of the people with you. You will then not have to bear it by yourself.
12 Departure from Sinai (10:11-28)
10:11the cloud rose from the Dwelling of the commandments. 10:12The Israelites moved on from the desert of Sinai by stages, until the cloud came to rest in the desert of Paran.
Leaving Mt. Sinai14 The ark of the covenant (10:33-36)
10:34And when they set out from camp, the cloud of the LORD was over them by day.

2-2

25 Revolt of Korah, Dathan, and Abram (16:1-17:5)
  26 Aaron saves the people (17:6-15)
    27 Aaron's Rod (17:16-28)
      28 Regulations about priests and Levites (18:1-32)
        29 Ceremony of the Red Heifer (19:1-22)
          30 The waters of Meribah (20:1-13)
            31 Passages through Edom refused (20:14-21)
              32 The death of Aaron (20:22-29)
                33 King Arad defeated (21:1-3)
                  34 The Bronze Serpent (21:4-9)
                    35 The journey to Moab (21:10-20)
                      36 King Sihon and King Og defeated (21:21-35)
                        37 Balak and Balaam (22:1-40)
                      38 Balaam's oracle (22:41-24:25)
                    39 Worship of Baal of Peor (25:1-19)
                  40 A Census of the New Generation (26:1-65)
                41 The daughters of Zelophehad (27:1-11)
              42 Joshua appointed Moses' successor (27:12-23)
            43 Regulations about offerings and vow (28:1-30:17)
          44 War against Midiam (31:1-54)
        45 Conquest and division of transjordan (32:1-42)
      46 The stages of Israel's journey from Egypt (33:1-49)
    47 Orders about heritage (33:50-34:29)
  48 Cities for the Levites and Refuge (35:1-34)
49 Marriages of female heirs (36:1-13)
Former halfRelationLatter half
25 Revolt of Korah, Dathan, and Abram (16:1-17:5)
16:32and the earth opened its mouth and swallowed them and their families (and all of Korah's men) and all their possessions. 16:33They went down alive to the nether world with all belonging to them; the earth closed over them, and they perished from the community.
A tribe perishes49 Marriages of female heirs (36:1-13)
36:3But if they marry into one of the other Israelite tribes, their heritage will be withdrawn from our ancestral heritage and will be added to that of the tribe into which they marry; thus the heritage that fell to us by lot will be diminished.
26 Aaron saves the people (17:6-15)
17:6The next day the whole Israelite community grumbled against Moses and Aaron, saying, "It is you who have slain the LORDS people."
Killing48 Cities for the Levites and Refuge (35:1-34)
35:11select for yourselves cities to serve as cities of asylum, where a homicide who has killed someone unintentionally may take refuge.
26 Aaron saves the people (17:6-15)
17:12Then, as he offered the incense and made atonement for the people, 17:13standing there between the living and the dead, the scourge was checked.
Boundary for survival48 Cities for the Levites and Refuge (35:1-34)
35:25shall free the homicide from the avenger of blood and shall remand him to the city of asylum where he took refuge; and he shall stay there until the death of the high priest who has been anointed with sacred oil.
27 Aaron's Rod (17:16-28)
17:17"Speak to the Israelites and get one staff from them for each ancestral house, twelve staffs in all, one from each of their tribal princes. Mark each man's name on his staff; 17:183 and mark Aaron's name on Levi's staff, for the head of Levi's ancestral house shall also have a staff. 17:19Then lay them down in the meeting tent, in front of the commandments, where I meet you. 17:20There the staff of the man of my choice shall sprout.
Tribes, the God selects47 Orders about heritage (33:50-34:29)
33:54You shall apportion the land among yourselves by lot, clan by clan,
28 Regulations about priests and Levites (18:1-32)
18:15Every living thing that opens the womb, whether of man or of beast, such as are to be offered to the LORD, shall be yours; but you must let the first-born of man, as well as of unclean animals, be redeemed.
The first-born46 The stages of Israel's journey from Egypt (33:1-49)
33:4While the Egyptians buried their first-born all of whom the LORD had struck down; on their gods, too, the LORD executed judgments.
29 Ceremony of the Red Heifer (19:1-22)
19:11"Whoever touches the dead body of any human being shall be unclean for seven days; 19:12he shall purify himself with the water on the third and on the seventh day, and then he will be clean again. But if he fails to purify himself on the third and on the seventh day, he will not become clean.
Necessary period for purification45 Conquest and division of transjordan (32:1-42)
32:13So in his anger with the Israelites the LORD made them wander in the desert forty years, until the whole generation that had done evil in the sight of the LORD had died out.
30 The waters of Meribah (20:1-13)
20:2As the community had no water, they held a council against Moses and Aaron.
Disobeying the Lord44 War against Midiam (31:1-54)
31:16"Why, they are the very ones who on Balaam's advice prompted the unfaithfulness of the Israelites toward the LORD in the Peor affair, which began the slaughter of the LORD'S community.
30 The waters of Meribah (20:1-13)
20:12But the LORD said to Moses and Aaron, "Because you were not faithful to me in showing forth my sanctity before the Israelites, you shall not lead this community into the land I will give them."
Prophecy of Moses death44 War against Midiam (31:1-54)
31:1The LORD said to Moses, 31:2"Avenge the Israelites on the Midianites, and then you shall be taken to your people."
31 Passages through Edom refused (20:14-21)
20:17Kindly let us pass through your country. We will not cross any fields or vineyards, nor drink any well water, but we will go straight along the royal road without turning to the right or to the left, until we have passed through your territory."
Oath43 Regulations about offerings and vow (28:1-30:17)
30:3When a man makes a vow to the LORD or binds himself under oath to a pledge of abstinence, he shall not violate his word, but must fulfill exactly the promise he has uttered.
32 The death of Aaron (20:22-29)
20:26Then strip Aaron of his garments and put them on his son Eleazar; for there Aaron shall be taken in death."
Taking over42 Joshua appointed Moses' successor (27:12-23)
27:18"Take Joshua, son of Nun, a man of spirit, and lay your hand upon him. 27:19Have him stand in the presence of the priest Eleazar and of the whole community, and commission him before their eyes.
33 King Arad defeated (21:1-3)
21:2"If you deliver this people into my hand, I will doom their cities."
Ruin of a nation41 The daughters of Zelophehad (27:1-11)
27:4But why should our father's name be withdrawn from his clan merely because he had no son?
34 The Bronze Serpent (21:4-9)
21:6In punishment the LORD sent among the people saraph serpents, which bit the people so that many of them died.
Death in desert caused by a sin40 A Census of the New Generation (26:1-65)
26:65For the LORD had told them that they would surely die in the desert,
35 The journey to Moab (21:10-20)
21:11Setting out from Oboth, they encamped in Iye-abarim in the desert fronting Moab on the east.
The land of Moab39 Worship of Baal of Peor (25:1-19)
25:1the people degraded themselves by having illicit relations with the Moabite women.
36 King Sihon and King Og defeated (21:21-35)
21:34The LORD, however, said to Moses, "Do not be afraid of him; for into your hand I will deliver him with all his people and his land. Do to him as you did to Sihon, king of the Amorites, who lived in Heshbon." 21:35So they struck him down with his sons and all his people, until not a survivor was left to him, and they took possession of his land.
Moab is defeated38 Balaam's oracle (22:41-24:25)
24:17and a staff shall rise from Israel, That shall smite the brows of Moab, and the skulls of all the Shuthites,

Citations of the Bible are from New American Bible, New Revised Standard Version and New Jerusalem Bible.

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Literary Structure of the Bible by Hajime Murai is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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