Top  >  Literary Structures of the Bible  >  Book of Judges  >  Pericope

Literary structure (chiasm, chiasmus) of Book of Judges

Chiastic Structure and Concentric Structure and Parallel of each pericope

[1]Israel's failure to complete the conquest of Canaan  (Judg 1:1-36)
 
  A1(1:1-21)  Judah
  A2(1:22-29)  Joseph
  A3(1:30)  Zebulun
  A4(1:31-32)  Asher
  A5(1:33)  Naphtali
  A6(1:34-36)  Dan
 
   A: Situations of the tribes.

[2]Israel's unfaithfulness  (Judg 2:1-3:6)
 
  A(2:1-5)  "you were not to make a pact with the inhabitants of this land, and you were to pull down their altars" (2:2)
    B(2:6-10)    
Death of Joshua   
(יהושׁע)
      C(2:11-15)      
"the Israelites offended the LORD by serving the Baals" (2:11)"   
(ויעבדו)
        D(2:16)        
"the LORD raised up judges" (2:16)"   
(ויקםיהוהשׁפטים)
          E(2:17)          "they did not listen to their judges" (2:17)
        D'(2:18)        
"the LORD raised up judges (2:18)"   
(הקיםיהוהלהמשׁפטים)
      C'(2:19)      
"following other gods in service and worship" (2:19)"   
(לעבדם)
    B'(2:20-23)    
When Joshua died   
(יהושׁע)
  A'(3:1-6)  "they took their daughters in marriage, and gave their own daughters to their sons in marriage, and served their gods" (3:6)
 
   A: Pagan. B: Death of Joshua. C: To serve other gods. D: The judges. E: The people did not listen to their judges.

[3]Othniel  (Judg 3:7-11)
 
  A(3:7-8)  
The LORD allowed Israel to fall into the power of Cushan-rishathaim   
(כושׁןרשׁעתים)
    B(3:9)    
"he raised up for them a savior, Othniel" (3:9 )"   
(עתניאל)
  A'(3:10)  
The LORD delivered Cushan-risha-thaim into power of Israel   
(כושׁןרשׁעתים)
    B'(3:11)    
Death of Othniel   
(עתניאל)
 
   A: Cushan-rishathaim. B: Othniel.

[4]Ehud  (Judg 3:12-31)
 
  A(3:12-14)  
"Israelites served Eglon for eighteen years" (3:14)"   
(שׁמונה)
    B(3:15)    Acts of the Israelites
      C(3:16-17)      Ehud went to meet Eglon
        D(3:18-19)        Attendants left Eglon's presence
          E(3:20-22)          Ehud killed Eglon
        D'(3:23-25)        Attendants discovered dead Eglon
      C'(3:26)      Ehud escaped to Seirah
    B'(3:27-29)    Acts of the Israelites
  A'(3:30)  
"the land had rest for eighty years" (3:30)"   
(שׁמונים)
 
   A: Slavery and peace. B: Acts of the Israelites. C: Movement of Ehud. D: Attendants of Eglon. E: The assassination

[5]Shamgar  (Judg 3:31)
 
 
   Shamgar

[6]Deborah and Barak  (Judg 4:1-24)
 
  A(4:1-3)  Jabin oppressed Israel for twenty years
    B(4:4-9)    Prophecy about Sisera's death
      C(4:10-13)      "Sisera assembled all nine hundred of his iron chariots and all his forces" (4:13)
        D(4:14a)        Prophecy of Deborah
      C'(4:14b-16)      "the LORD put Sisera and all his chariots and all his forces to rout before Barak" (4:15)
    B'(4:17-22)    Sisera's death
  A'(4:23-24)  "God humbled the Canaanite king, Jabin, before the Israelites" (4:23)
 
   A: Slavery and peace. B: Sisera's death. C: Forces. D: Prophecy of Deborah.

[7]The Song of Deborah  (Judg 5:1-31)
 
P(5:1)The song of Deborah and Barak son of Abinoam
  A(5:2-5)  "Mountains trembled in the presence of the LORD" (5:5)
    B(5:6-7a)    "The villages in Israel were no more" (5:7)
      C(5:7b-9a)      "O Deborah, until you arose, mother of Israel" (5:7)
        D(5:9b-11)        "They recite the righteous acts of the LORD" (5:11)
          E(5:12-13)          "Wake up, wake up, Deborah" (5:12)
            F(5:14-18)            The tribes of Israel
          E'(5:19-22)          "March on, my soul" (5:21)
        D'(5:23)        "said the angel of the LORD" (5:23)
      C'(5:24-27)      "At her feet he sank, he fell" (5:27)
    B'(5:28-30)    "Why is his chariot so long in coming?" (5:28)
  A'(5:31a)  "So may all your enemies perish, O LORD" (5:31)
P'(5:31b)"the land was at rest for forty years" (5:31)
 
   A: Victory of the LORD. B: Destruction. C: Activities of female. D: Messengers of the LORD. E: Encouragement. F: The tribes of Israel.

[8]The call of Gideon  (Judg 6:1-24)
 
  A(6:1-2)  
"To escape from the Midianites the Israelites used the mountain clefts and the caves and shelters" (6:2)"   
(מפני)
    B(6:3-5)    "They left Israel nothing to live on, not a sheep or an ox or a donkey" (6:4)
      C(6:6)      "the Israelites cried to Yahweh" (6:6)
        D(6:7-10)        
"It was I who brought you out of Egypt" (6:8)"   
(ממצרים)
        D'(6:11-13)        
"Did not Yahweh bring us out of Egypt?" (6:13)"   
(ממצרים)
      C'(6:14-16)      "you will rescue Israel from the power of Midian" (6:14)
    B'(6:17-22a)    "Fire sprang from the rock and consumed the meat and unleavened cakes" (6:21)
  A'(6:22b-24)  
"I have seen the Angel of Yahweh face to face!" (6:22)"   
(פניםאלפנים)
 
   A: Face. B: Extinction of food. C: Wish for salvation. D: Exodus.

Judg 6:11-24
  A(6:11)  Arrival of the angel
    B(6:12)    "The LORD is with you" (6:12)
      C(6:13)      Gideon wished a salvation from Midianites
        D(6:14)        Words of the angel
          E(6:15)          Gideon's humility
        D'(6:16)        Words of the angel
      C'(6:17)      Gideon wished a sign
    B'(6:18)    "I will stay until you return" (6:18)
  A'(6:19-24)  Departure of the angel

[9]Gideon destroys the altar of Baal  (Judg 6:25-32)
 
  A(6:25-26)  Gideon destructed the altar of Baal
    B(6:27-28)    
"Early the next morning the townspeople found that the altar of Baal had been destroyed" (6:28)"   
(בבקר)
      C(6:29a)      Townspeople looked for the person
        D(6:29b)        Gideon has done
      C'(6:30)      Townspeople wanted to kill Gideon
    B'(6:31)    
"If anyone acts for him, he shall be put to death by morning" (6:31)"   
(הבקר)
  A'(6:32)  Gideon was called Jerubbaal because he destructed the altar of Baal
 
   A: To destruct the altar of Baal. B: Morning. C: Townspeople. D: Gideon has done.

[10]The sign of the Fleece  (Judg 6:33-40)
 
P(6:33-35)Foreigners encamped
  A(6:36-38)  The first sign
  A'(6:39-40)  The second sign
 
   A: Signs.

[11]Gideon surprises and routs the Midianites  (Judg 7:1-25)
 
  A(7:1-8)  Selection of the people
    B(7:9-12)    Gideon went to enemies's camp
      C(7:13-14)      The soldier's dream
    B'(7:15-22)    Gideon went to enemies's camp
  A'(7:23-25)  The people gathered
 
   A: The people. B: Gideon went to enemies's camp. C: The soldier's dream.

[12]Gideon and Ephraim  (Judg 8:1-3)
 
  A(8:1)  Words of Ephraim
    B(8:2)    What have I accomplished now in comparison with you? (8:2)
    B'(8:3a)    What have I been able to do in comparison with you? (8:3)
  A'(8:3b)  Acts of Ephraim
 
   A: Ephraim. B: Words of Gideon.

[13]Gideon's vengeance  (Judg 8:4-21)
 
  A(8:4-7)  
Succoth rejected Gideon   
(סכות)
    B(8:8-9)    
Penuel rejected Gideon   
(פנואל)
      C(8:10-12)      Gideon captured Zebah and Zalmunna
  A'(8:13-16)  
Gideon's vengeance to Succoth   
(סכות)
    B'(8:17)    
Gideon's vengeance to Penuel   
(פנואל)
      C'(8:18-21)      Gideon killed Zebah and Zalmunna
 
   A: Succoth rejected Gideon. B: Penuel rejected Gideon. C: Zebah and Zalmunna.

[14]Gideon's idolatry  (Judg 8:22-28)
 
  A(8:22)  
"you rescued us from the power of Midian" (8:22)"   
(מדין)
    B(8:23)    "nor shall my son rule over you" (8:23)
      C(8:24-26)      Gideon wanted rings of the booty
    B'(8:27)    "caused the ruin of Gideon and his family" (8:27)
  A'(8:28)  
"Thus was Midian brought into subjection by the Israelites" (8:28)"   
(מדין)
 
   A: To rescued the Israelites from Midian. B: The family of Gideon. C: Gideon wanted rings of the booty.

[15]Death of Gideon  (Judg 8:29-35)
 
  A(8:29-31)  "Gideon had seventy sons" (8:30)
    B(8:32)    
Gideon died and was buried   
(וימת)
    B'(8:33-34)    
After Gideon was dead   
(מת)
  A'(8:35)  "Nor were they grateful to the family of Jerubbaal" (8:35)
 
   A: The family of Gideon. B: Death of Gideon.

[16]The downfall of Abimelech  (Judg 9:1-57)
 
  A(9:1-5)  "slew his brothers, the seventy sons of Jerubbaal" (9:5)
    B(9:6)    "all the citizens of Shechem and all Beth-millo came together and proceeded to make Abimelech king" (9:6)
      C(9:7-21)      Curse of Jotham
        D(9:22-25)        "This was to repay the violence done to the seventy sons of Jerubbaal" (9:24)
      C'(9:26-49)      Fulfillment of curse of Jotham
    B'(9:50-55)    "When the Israelites saw that Abimelech was dead, they all left for their homes" (9:55)
  A'(9:56-57)  "God requite the evil Abimelech had done to his father in killing his seventy brothers" (9:56)
 
   A: Killing seventy brothers. B: Enthronement of Abimelech. C: Curse of Jotham. D: to repay the violence.

[17]Tola  (Judg 10:1-2)
 
 
   Tola

[18]Jair  (Judg 10:3-5)
 
 
   Jair

[19]Oppression by the Ammonites  (Judg 10:6-16)
 
  A(10:6-9)  "they had abandoned the LORD and would not serve him" (10:6)
    B(10:10)    
Confession of sin of idolatry   
(חטאנו)
      C(10:11-14)      The words of the LORD
    B'(10:15)    
Confession of sin of idolatry   
(חטאנו)
  A'(10:16)  "they cast out the foreign gods from their midst and served the LORD" (10:16)
 
   A: To abandon the LORD / to abandon the foreign gods. B: Confession of sins. C: The words of the LORD.

[20]Jephthah  (Judg 10:17-12:7)
 
  A(10:17-18)  The one who begins the war against the Ammonites (10:18)
    B(11:1-3)    Jephthah was driven out from his father's home
      C(11:4-11)      The elders of Gilead made a vow
        D(11:12-28)        Dialogue between Jephthah and the king of the Ammonites
      C'(11:29-33)      Jephthah made a vow
    B'(11:34-40)    Jephthah's daughter went out from her father's home
  A'(12:1-7)  Why do you go on to fight with the Ammonites without calling us (12:1)
 
   A: Fight against the Ammonites. B: Going out from a house. C: Vows. D: Dialogue between Jephthah and the king of the Ammonites.

Judg 11:1-12:7
  A(11:1)  The Gileadite Jephthah
    B(11:2-3)    "Jephthah had fled from his brothers" (11:3)
      C(11:4-11)      The elders of Gilead made a vow and fulfilled
        D(11:12-28)        Dialogue between Jephthah and the king of the Ammonites
      C'(11:29-40)      Jephthah made a vow and fulfilled
    B'(12:1-6)    "You of Gilead are Ephraimite fugitives in territory belonging to Ephraim and Manasseh" (12:4)
  A'(12:7)  Death of the Gileadite Jephthah

[21]Ibzan  (Judg 12:8-10)
 
 
   Ibzan

[22]Elon  (Judg 12:11-12)
 
 
   Elon

[23]Abdon  (Judg 12:13-15)
 
 
   Abdon

[24]The prophecy of Samson's birth  (Judg 13:1-25)
 
P(13:1)"The Israelites again offended the LORD, who therefore delivered them into the power of the Philistines for forty years" (13:1)
  A(13:2)  
"His wife was barren and had borne no children" (13:2)"   
(ילדה)
    B(13:3-5)    "An angel of the LORD appeared to the woman" (13:3)
      C(13:6-7)      
"I did not ask him where he came from, nor did he tell me his name" (13:6)"   
(שׁמו)
        D(13:8)        "to teach us what to do for the boy who will be born" (13:8)
          E(13:9-10)          "God heard the prayer of Manoah, and the angel of God came again to the woman" (13:9)
        D'(13:11-14)        "what are we expected to do for the boy?" (13:12)
      C'(13:15-18)      
"What is your name, that we may honor you when your words come true?" (13:17)"   
(שׁמך)
    B'(13:19-23)    "the angel of the LORD was seen no more" (13:21)
  A'(13:24-25)  
"The woman bore a son and named him Samson" (13:24)"   
(ותלד)
 
   A: Birth of the child. B: An angel of the LORD. C: The name. D: Questions of Manoah. E: God heard the prayer of Manoah.

[25]Samson's marriage  (Judg 14:1-20)
 
  A(14:1-4)  "I wish you to get as a wife for me" (14:2)
    B(14:5-6)    
"the spirit of the LORD came upon Samson" (14:6)"   
(ותצלחעליורוחיהוה)
      C(14:7-9)      
"he stepped aside to look at the remains of the lion and found a swarm of bees and honey in the lion's carcass" (14:8)"   
(האריה)
        D(14:10-14)        
"If within the seven days of the feast you solve it" (14:12)"   
(שׁבעת)
          E(14:15)          "Coax your husband to answer the riddle for us, or we will burn you and your family" (14:15)
        D'(14:16-17)        
"On the seventh day he told her the answer" (14:17)"   
(שׁבעת)
      C'(14:18)      
"What is sweeter than honey, and what is stronger than a lion?" (14:18)"   
(מארי)
    B'(14:19)    
"The spirit of the LORD came upon him" (14:19)"   
(ותצלחעליורוחיהוה)
  A'(14:20)  "Samson's wife was married to the one who had been best man at his wedding" (14:20)
 
   A: The wife of Samson. B: The spirit of the LORD. C: A lion and honey. D: The riddle within the seven days. E: The intimidation.

[26]Samson and three hundred foxes  (Judg 15:1-8)
 
  A(15:1-2)  "I thought it certain you wished to repudiate her; so I gave her to your best man" (15:2)
    B(15:3-5)    "This time the Philistines cannot blame me if I harm them" (15:3)
  A'(15:6)  "his wife was taken and given to his best man" (15:6)
    B'(15:7-8)    "he inflicted a great slaughter on them" (15:8)
 
   A: The wife of Samson. B: Attacks of Samson.

[27]Samson defeats the Philistines  (Judg 15:9-20)
 
  A(15:9-10)  "The Philistines went up and, from a camp in Judah" (15:9)
    B(15:11-13)    "we will certainly not kill you but will only bind you" (15:13)
  A'(15:14-17)  "the Philistines came shouting to meet him" (15:14)
    B'(15:18-19)    "Must I now die of thirst or fall into the hands of the uncircumcised?" (15:18)
P(15:20)"Samson judged Israel for twenty years in the days of the Philistines" (15:20)
 
   A: Invasion and defeat of the Philistines. B: Samson was not killed.

[28]Samson and Delilah  (Judg 16:1-22)
 
  A(16:1-3)  
"Samson went to Gaza" (16:1)"   
(עזתה)
    B(16:4-5)    The promise to reveal the secret of Samson's power
      C1(16:6-9)      The first lie
      C2(16:10-12)      The second lie
      C3(16:13-14)      The third lie
    B'(16:15-20)    The secret of Samson's power was revealed
  A'(16:21-22)  
"they brought him down to Gaza and bound him with bronze fetters" (16:21)"   
(עזתה)
 
   A: Going to Gaza. B: To reveal the secret of Samson's power. C: The lies of Samson.

[29]Samson's death  (Judg 16:23-31)
 
  A(16:23-25a)  "the ravager of our land, the one who has multiplied our slain" (16:24)
    B(16:25b-27)    
"Put me where I may touch the columns that support the temple" (16:26)"   
(העמדים)
      C(16:28)      Samson prayed to the LORD
    B'(16:29-30a)    
"Samson grasped the two middle columns" (16:29)"   
(עמודי)
  A'(16:30b)  "he killed at his death were more than those he had killed during his lifetime" (16:30)
P(16:31)"He had judged Israel for twenty years" (16:31)
 
   A: To kill. B: The columns. C: Samson prayed to the LORD.

[30]The migration of Dan  (Judg 17:1-18:31)
 
  A(17:1-6)  
"he carved a statue (and cast an idol in metal)" (17:4)"   
(פסל)
    B(17:7-13)    The Levite became a priest of Micah
      C(18:1-6)      
"Near the house of Micah" (18:3)"   
(עםביתמיכה)
        D(18:7-10)        
"the people dwelling there lived securely after the manner of the Sidonians, quiet and trusting" (18:7)"   
(שׁקטובטח)
  A'(18:11-17)  
"the five who had been to reconnoitre the country went on into the house and took the carved statue, the ephod, the domestic images and the idol cast in metal" (18:17)"   
(ופסל)
    B'(18:18-21)    The Levite became a priest of Dan
      C'(18:22-26)      
"when those in the houses near that of Micah took up arms and overtook them" (18:22)"   
(מביתמיכה)
        D'(18:27-31)        
"they attacked Laish, a quiet and trusting people" (18:27)"   
(שׁקטובטח)
 
   A: A carved idol overlaid with silver. B: The levite became a priest. C: The house of Micah. D: A quiet and trusting people.

[31]Gibeah's crime  (Judg 19:1-21:25)
 
  A(19:1-3)  
"At that time, when there was no king in Israel" (19:1)"   
(ומלך)
    B(19:4-10)    
"He was detained by the girl's father, and so he spent three days with this father-in-law of his, eating and drinking and passing the night there" (19:4)"   
(אבי)
      C(19:11-30)      "the husband seized his concubine and thrust her outside to them" (19:25)
        D(20:1-2)        
"the community was gathered to the LORD at Mizpah" (20:1)"   
(ותקהל)
          E(20:3-11)          
The oath at Mizpah   
(המצפה)
            F(20:12-16)            "The number of the Benjaminite swordsmen from the other cities on that occasion was twenty-six thousand, in addition to the inhabitants of Gibeah" (20:15)
              G(20:17-19)              "Meanwhile the other Israelites who, without Benjamin, mustered four hundred thousand swordsmen ready for battle" (20:17)
                H(20:20-23)                "the Benjaminites came out of the city and felled twenty-two thousand men of Israel" (20:21)
                  I(20:24-25)                  "once again the Benjaminites who came out of Gibeah against them felled eighteen thousand Israelites, all of them swordsmen" (20:25)
                    J(20:26-29)                    " tomorrow I will deliver him into your power" (20:28)
                  I'(20:30-34)                  "the Benjaminites thought, "We are defeating them as before" (20:32)
                H'(20:35-41)                "the impression that they were defeating them as surely as in the earlier fighting" (20:39)
              G'(20:42-45)              "eighteen thousand of them fell, warriors to a man" (20:44)
            F'(20:46-48)            "Those of Benjamin who fell on that day were in all twenty-five thousand swordsmen, warriors to a man" (20:46)
          E'(21:1-4)          
The oath at Mizpah   
(במצפה)
        D'(21:5-12)        
"Are there any among all the tribes of Israel who did not come up to the LORD for the assembly?" (21:5)"   
(בקהל)
      C'(21:13-18)      "they gave them as wives the women of Jabesh-gilead whom they had spared" (21:14)
    B'(21:19-22)    
"When their fathers or their brothers come to complain to us" (21:22)"   
(אבותם)
  A'(21:23-25)  
"In those days there was no king in Israel" (21:25)"   
(מלך)
 
   A: There was no king. B: A father of a woman. C: To give a woman. D: The assembly. E: The oath at Mizpah. F: The number of the Benjaminite swordsmen. G: Experienced swordsmen. H: Victory of the Benjaminite. I: Victory of the Benjaminite. J: The prophecy of victory.

Judg 20:29-40
  A(20:29-32)  "in the beginning they killed off about thirty of the Israelite soldiers" (20:31)
    B(20:33-34)    "the Israelites in ambush rushed from their place west of Gibeah" (20:33)
      C(20:35)      "the LORD defeated Benjamin before Israel" (20:35)
    B'(20:36-37)    "the men in ambush made a sudden dash into Gibeah" (20:37)
  A'(20:38-40)  "Benjamin had begun by killing off some thirty of the men of Israel" (20:39)

Citations of the Bible are from New American Bible, New Revised Standard Version and New Jerusalem Bible.

Creative Commons License
Literary Structure of the Bible by Hajime Murai is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Caution: The copyright of the cited Bible verses belongs to each translator and publisher.

Comments