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Literary structure (chiasmus, chiasm) of Book of Job

Chiasmus and Concentric Structure of whole text


1-1

1 Job's fortunes and sufferings (1:1-2:10)
  2 Job's friends (2:11-13)
    3 Job curses the day he was born (3:1-26)
      4 First dialogue of Eliphaz and Job (4:1-7:21)
        5 First dialogue of Bildad and Job (8:1-10:22)
          6 First dialogue of Zophar and Job (11:1-14:22)
            7 Second dialogue of Eliphaz and Job (15:1-17:16)
              8 Second dialogue of Bildad and Job (18:1-19:29)
                9 Second dialogue of Zophar and Job (20:1-21:34)
                  10 Third dialogue of Eliphaz and Job (22:1-24:25)
                    11 Third dialogue of Bildad and Job (25:1-26:14)
                      12 Words of Job (27:1-23)
                        13 Where wisdom is found (28:1-28)
                      14 Words of Job (29:1-31:40)
                    15 Elifu rebukes Job and Job's friend (32:1-33:33)
                  16 Elifu proclaims God's justice (34:1-37)
                17 Elifu condemns self-righteousness (35:1-16)
              18 Elifu proclaims God's majesty (36:1-37:24)
            19 The LORD answers Job (38:1-39:30)
          20 Words of the LORD (40:1-2)
        21 Words of Job (40:3-5)
      22 Words of the LORD (40:6-41:26)
    23 Words of Job (42:1-6)
  24 Job's friends are humiliated (42:7-10)
25 Job's fortunes (42:11-17)
Former halfRelationLatter half
1 Job's fortunes and sufferings (1:1-2:10)
1:3 and he had seven thousand sheep, three thousand camels, five hundred yoke of oxen, five hundred she-asses, and a great number of work animals, so that he was greater than any of the men of the East.(1:3)
Job's prosperity25 Job's fortunes (42:11-17)
42:12 Thus the LORD blessed the latter days of Job more than his earlier ones. For he had fourteen thousand sheep, six thousand camels, a thousand yoke of oxen, and a thousand she-asses. (42:12)
2 Job's friends (2:11-13)
2:11 Now when three of Jobs friends heard of all the misfortune that had come upon him, they set out each one from his own place: Eliphaz from Teman, Bildad from Shuh, and Zophar from Naamath. They met and journeyed together to give him sympathy and comfort.(2:11)
Three of Jobs friends24 Job's friends are humiliated (42:7-10)
42:9 Then Eliphaz the Temanite, and Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Naamathite, went and did as the LORD had commanded them. And the LORD accepted the intercession of Job. (42:9)
3 Job curses the day he was born (3:1-26)
3:1 After this, Job opened his mouth and cursed his day. (3:1)
Words of Job23 Words of Job (42:1-6)
42:6 Therefore I disown what I have said, and repent in dust and ashes. (42:6)
4 First dialogue of Eliphaz and Job (4:1-7:21)
4:17 Can a man be righteous as against God? Can a mortal be blameless against his Maker? (4:17)
Can people be righteous as against God?22 Words of the LORD (40:6-41:26)
40:8 Would you refuse to acknowledge my right? Would you condemn me that you may be justified? (40:8)
5 First dialogue of Bildad and Job (8:1-10:22)
9:2 I know well that it is so; but how can a man be justified before God? (9:2)
People cannot argue with God21 Words of Job (40:3-5)
40:4 Behold, I am of little account; what can I answer you? I put my hand over my mouth. (40:4)
6 First dialogue of Zophar and Job (11:1-14:22)
13:3 But I would speak with the Almighty; I wish to reason with God. (13:3)
Speaking with the Almighty20 Words of the LORD (40:1-2)
40:2 Will we have arguing with the Almighty by the critic? Let him who would correct God give answer! (40:2)
7 Second dialogue of Eliphaz and Job (15:1-17:16)
15:3 Should he argue in speech which does not avail, and in words which are to no profit? (15:3)
Words of ignorance19 The LORD answers Job (38:1-39:30)
38:2 Who is this that obscures divine plans with words of ignorance? (38:2)
8 Second dialogue of Bildad and Job (18:1-19:29)
18:5 Truly, the light of the wicked is extinguished; no flame brightens his hearth. (18:5)
Death of the wicked18 Elifu proclaims God's majesty (36:1-37:24)
36:6 He withholds not the just man's rights, but grants vindication to the oppressed, (36:6)
9 Second dialogue of Zophar and Job (20:1-21:34)
20:6 Though his pride mount up to the heavens and his head reach to the clouds, (20:6)
Heaven17 Elifu condemns self-righteousness (35:1-16)
35:5 Look up to the skies and behold; regard the heavens high above you.(35:5)
10 Third dialogue of Eliphaz and Job (22:1-24:25)
23:7 There the upright man might reason with him, and I should once and for all preserve my rights. (23:7)
Righteousness16 Elifu proclaims God's justice (34:1-37)
34:5 I am innocent, but God has taken what is my due. (34:5)
11 Third dialogue of Bildad and Job (25:1-26:14)
26:14 Lo, these are but the outlines of his ways, and how faint is the word we hear!(26:14)
People cannot know God15 Elifu rebukes Job and Job's friend (32:1-33:33)
33:14 For God does speak, perhaps once, or even twice, though one perceive it not. (33:14)
12 Words of Job (27:1-23)
27:13 This is the portion of a wicked man from God, the inheritance an oppressor receives from the Almighty:(27:13)
What the almighty gives14 Words of Job (29:1-31:40)
29:5 When the Almighty was yet with me, and my children were round about me; (29:5)

1-1-1

1 Job's fortunes and sufferings (1:1-2:10)
  2 Job's friends (2:11-13)
    3 Job curses the day he was born (3:1-26)
      4 First dialogue of Eliphaz and Job (4:1-7:21)
        5 First dialogue of Bildad and Job (8:1-10:22)
          6 First dialogue of Zophar and Job (11:1-14:22)
            7 Second dialogue of Eliphaz and Job (15:1-17:16)
          8 Second dialogue of Bildad and Job (18:1-19:29)
        9 Second dialogue of Zophar and Job (20:1-21:34)
      10 Third dialogue of Eliphaz and Job (22:1-24:25)
    11 Third dialogue of Bildad and Job (25:1-26:14)
  12 Words of Job (27:1-23)
13 Where wisdom is found (28:1-28)
Former halfRelationLatter half
1 Job's fortunes and sufferings (1:1-2:10)
1:1 In the land of Uz there was a blameless and upright man named Job, who feared God and avoided evil.(1:1)
Fear to God13 Where wisdom is found (28:1-28)
28:28 And to man he said: Behold, the fear of the LORD is wisdom; and avoiding evil is understanding.(28:28)
2 Job's friends (2:11-13)
2:13 Then they sat down upon the ground with him seven days and seven nights, but none of them spoke a word to him; for they saw how great was his suffering.(2:13)
Hardship of Job12 Words of Job (27:1-23)
27:2 As God lives, who withholds my deserts, the Almighty, who has made bitter my soul,(27:2)
3 Job curses the day he was born (3:1-26)
Let them curse it who curse the sea, the appointed disturbers of Leviathan! (3:8)
Power to defeat marine monster11 Third dialogue of Bildad and Job (25:1-26:14)
By his power he stirs up the sea, and by his might he crushes Rahab; (26:12)
4 First dialogue of Eliphaz and Job (4:1-7:21)
Is not your piety a source of confidence, and your integrity of life your hope? (4:6)
Going right way10 Third dialogue of Eliphaz and Job (22:1-24:25)
Is it of advantage to the Almighty if you are just? Or is it a gain to him if you make your ways perfect? (22:3)
5 First dialogue of Bildad and Job (8:1-10:22)
The earth is given into the hands of the wicked; he covers the faces of its judges. If it is not he, who then is it? (9:24)
Prosperity of wicked9 Second dialogue of Zophar and Job (20:1-21:34)
Why do the wicked survive, grow old, become mighty in power? (21:7)
6 First dialogue of Zophar and Job (11:1-14:22)
But now ask the beasts to teach you, and the birds of the air to tell you; (12:7)
More stupid than beasts8 Second dialogue of Bildad and Job (18:1-19:29)
Why are we accounted like the beasts, their equals in your sight? (18:3)

1-1-2

13 Where wisdom is found (28:1-28)
  14 Words of Job (29:1-31:40)
    15 Elifu rebukes Job and Job's friend (32:1-33:33)
      16 Elifu proclaims God's justice (34:1-37)
        17 Elifu condemns self-righteousness (35:1-16)
          18 Elifu proclaims God's majesty (36:1-37:24)
            19 The LORD answers Job (38:1-39:30)
          20 Words of the LORD (40:1-2)
        21 Words of Job (40:3-5)
      22 Words of the LORD (40:6-41:26)
    23 Words of Job (42:1-6)
  24 Job's friends are humiliated (42:7-10)
25 Job's fortunes (42:11-17)
Former halfRelationLatter half
13 Where wisdom is found (28:1-28)
28:1 There is indeed a mine for silver, and a place for gold which men refine.(28:1)
Gold and silver25 Job's fortunes (42:11-17)
42:11 Then all his brethren and his sisters came to him, and all his former acquaintances, and they dined with him in his house. They condoled with him and comforted him for all the evil which the LORD had brought upon him; and each one gave him a piece of money and a gold ring.(42:11)
14 Words of Job (29:1-31:40)
29:2 Oh, that I were as in the months past! as in the days when God watched over me, (29:2)
Restoration24 Job's friends are humiliated (42:7-10)
42:10 Also, the LORD restored the prosperity of Job, after he had prayed for his friends; the LORD even gave to Job twice as much as he had before. (42:10)
15 Elifu rebukes Job and Job's friend (32:1-33:33)
33:31 Be attentive, O Job; listen to me! Be silent and I will speak. (33:31)
Silence of Job23 Words of Job (42:1-6)
42:6 Therefore I disown what I have said, and repent in dust and ashes. (42:6)
16 Elifu proclaims God's justice (34:1-37)
34:12 Surely, God cannot act wickedly, the Almighty cannot violate justice. (34:12)
God never sin22 Words of the LORD (40:6-41:26)
40:8 Would you refuse to acknowledge my right? Would you condemn me that you may be justified? (40:8)
17 Elifu condemns self-righteousness (35:1-16)
35:16 Yet Job to no purpose opens his mouth, and without knowledge multiplies words.(35:16)
Words of Job21 Words of Job (40:3-5)
40:4 Behold, I am of little account; what can I answer you? I put my hand over my mouth. (40:4)
18 Elifu proclaims God's majesty (36:1-37:24)
36:23 Who prescribes for him his conduct, or who can say, "You have done wrong"? (36:23)
Arguing with God20 Words of the LORD (40:1-2)
40:2 Will we have arguing with the Almighty by the critic? Let him who would correct God give answer! (40:2)

Citations of the Bible are from New American Bible, New Revised Standard Version and New Jerusalem Bible.

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Literary Structure of the Bible by Hajime Murai is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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