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Literary structure (chiasm, chiasmus) of Book of Joel

Chiastic Structure and Concentric Structure and Parallel of each pericope

[1]Lamentation over the ruin of the country  (Joel 1:1-12)
 
P(1:1)1:1 The word of the LORD which came to Joel, the son of Pethuel. (1:1)
  A(1:2-4)  1:4 What the cutter left, the locust swarm has eaten (1:4)
    B(1:5)    1:5 Wake up, you drunkards, and weep (1:5)
      C(1:6-7)      1:6 For a people has invaded my land (1:6)
    B'(1:8)    1:8 Lament like a virgin (1:8)
  A'(1:9-12)  1:10 The field is ravaged, the earth mourns (1:10)
 
   A: No food. B: To weep. C: A people has invaded my land.

[2]The day of the LORD is coming  (Joel 1:13-2:14)
 
  A(1:13-14)  1:13 Gird yourselves and weep, O priests! (1:13)
    B(1:15)    
"1:15 Alas, the day! for near is the day of the LORD (1:15)"   
(יוםיהוה)
      C(1:16-20)      1:16 From before our very eyes has not the food been cut off; And from the house of our God, joy and gladness? (1:16)
        D(2:1-2)        2:1 for the day of the LORD is coming; (2:1)
      C'(2:3-10)      2:2 Like dawn spreading over the mountains, a people numerous and mighty (2:2)
    B'(2:11)    
"2:11 For great is the day of the LORD, and exceedingly terrible (2:11)"   
(יוםיהוה)
  A'(2:12-14)  2:12 return to me with your whole heart, with fasting, and weeping, and mourning; (2:12)
 
   A: Weeping. B: The day of the LORD. C: Sufferings. D: the day of the LORD is coming.

[3]God's response and promise  (Joel 2:15-27)
 
  A(2:15-17)  2:17 Where is their God? (2:17)
    B(2:18-20)    
"2:19 I will send you grain, and wine, and oil, and you shall be filled with them (2:19)"   
(ושׂבעתם)
      C(2:21-23)      2:21 exult and rejoice (2:21)
    B'(2:24-26)    
2:26 You shall eat and be filled (2:26)   
(ושׂבוע)
  A'(2:27)  2:27 you shall know that I am in the midst of Israel (2:27)
 
   A: God is. B: To be filled. C: Exult and rejoice.

[4]God's spirit poured out  (Joel 3:1-5)
 
  A(3:1-2)  3:1 Then afterward I will pour out my spirit upon all mankind (3:1)
    B(3:3)    
"3:3 blood, fire, and columns of smoke (3:3)"   
(דם)
    B'(3:4)    
"3:4 The sun will be turned to darkness, and the moon to blood (3:4)"   
(לדם)
  A'(3:5)  3:5 Then everyone shall be rescued who calls on the name of the LORD (3:5)
 
   A: Person who calls on the name of the LORD. B: Blood.

[5]Vengeance of the LORD  (Joel 4:1-8)
 
  A(4:1-3)  4:3 they gave a boy for a harlot, and sold a girl for the wine they drank. (4:3)
    B(4:4)    
4:4 I will return your deed upon your own head. (4:4)   
(הגמול)
      C(4:5-6)      4:6 You sold the people of Judah and Jerusalem to the Greeks, removing them far from their own country (4:6)
    B'(4:7)    
4:7 I will return your deed upon your own head. (4:7)   
(גמלכם)
  A'(4:8)  4:8 I will sell your sons and your daughters to the people of Judah (4:8)
 
   A: Children. B: To return. C: Looting.

[6]Judgment in the valley of Jehoshaphat  (Joel 4:9-17)
 
  A(4:9-10)  4:9 Declare this among the nations (4:9)
    B(4:11-12)    4:12 judgment upon all the neighboring nations. (4:12)
      C(4:13)      4:13 the harvest is ripe (4:13)
    B'(4:14-15)    4:14 For near is the day of the LORD in the valley of decision (4:14)
  A'(4:16-17)  4:16 from Jerusalem raises his voice (4:16)
 
   A: Voices. B: Judgement. C: The harvest is ripe.

[7]The glorious future of Judah  (Joel 4:18-21)
 
  A(4:18)  4:18 And then, on that day, the mountains shall drip new wine, and the hills shall flow with milk (4:18)
    B(4:19)    4:19 Egypt shall be a waste, and Edom a desert waste (4:19)
  A'(4:20)  4:20 But Judah shall abide forever, and Jerusalem for all generations. (4:20)
    B'(4:21)    4:21 I will avenge their blood, and not leave it unpunished. (4:21)
 
   A: Restoration. B: Vengeance.


Citations of the Bible are from New American Bible, New Revised Standard Version and New Jerusalem Bible.

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Literary Structure of the Bible by Hajime Murai is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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