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Literary structure (chiasmus, chiasm) of Acts of the Apostles

Chiasmus and Concentric Structure of divided by 4

When the whole text is divided in four equivalent pericopes, four concentric structures appear. The divisional pericopes are "Stephen's speech to the council" (no. 13, Acts 6:8-7:60), "Peter delivered from prison" (no. 25, Acts 12:1-24), and "Paul's farewell visit to Troas" (no. 37, Acts 20:3-14). These pericopes are related to death of disciples (and resurrection). Therefore, these structure would emphasize death and resurrection of disciples.


4-1

1 The Ascension of Jesus (1:1-11)
  2 Mathias chosen to replace Judas (1:12-26)
    3 The coming of the Holy Spirit (2:1-13)
      4 Peter addresses the crowd (2:14-39)
        5 Life among the believers (2:40-47)
          6 Peter heals a crippled beggar (3:1-4:4)
            7 Peter and John before the council (4:5-22)
          8 The believers pray for boldness (4:23-31)
        9 The believers share their possessions (4:32-37)
      10 Ananias and Sapphira (5:1-11)
    11 The apostles are persecuted (5:12-42)
  12 Seven chosen to serve (6:1-7)
13 Stephen's speech to the council (6:8-7:60)
Former halfRelationLatter half
1 The Ascension of Jesus (1:1-11)
1:9 When he had said this, as they were looking on, he was lifted up, and a cloud took him from their sight. (1:9)
Jesus in heaven13 Stephen's speech to the council (6:8-7:60)
7:55 But he, filled with the holy Spirit, looked up intently to heaven and saw the glory of God and Jesus standing at the right hand of God, (7:55)
2 Mathias chosen to replace Judas (1:12-26)
Matthias
Chosen disciples12 Seven chosen to serve (6:1-7)
seven
3 The coming of the Holy Spirit (2:1-13)
2:4 And they were all filled with the holy Spirit and began to speak in different tongues, as the Spirit enabled them to proclaim.(2:4)
The Holy Spirit is given11 The apostles are persecuted (5:12-42)
5:32 We are witnesses of these things, as is the holy Spirit that God has given to those who obey him." (5:32)
4 Peter addresses the crowd (2:14-39)
2:29 My brothers, one can confidently say to you about the patriarch David that he died and was buried, and his tomb is in our midst to this day. (2:29)
Those who are dead and buried10 Ananias and Sapphira (5:1-11)
5:6 The young men came and wrapped him up, then carried him out and buried him. (5:6)
5 Life among the believers (2:40-47)
2:44 All who believed were together and had all things in common; (2:44)
Share9 The believers share their possessions (4:32-37)
4:32 The community of believers was of one heart and mind, and no one claimed that any of his possessions was his own, but they had everything in common.(4:32)
6 Peter heals a crippled beggar (3:1-4:4)
3:6 Peter said, "I have neither silver nor gold, but what I do have I give you: in the name of Jesus Christ the Nazorean, (rise and) walk."(3:6)
Healing by the name of Jesus8 The believers pray for boldness (4:23-31)
4:30 as you stretch forth (your) hand to heal, and signs and wonders are done through the name of your holy servant Jesus." (4:30)

4-1-1

1 The Ascension of Jesus (1:1-11)
  2 Mathias chosen to replace Judas (1:12-26)
    3 The coming of the Holy Spirit (2:1-13)
      4 Peter addresses the crowd (2:14-39)
    5 Life among the believers (2:40-47)
  6 Peter heals a crippled beggar (3:1-4:4)
7 Peter and John before the council (4:5-22)
Former halfRelationLatter half
1 The Ascension of Jesus (1:1-11)
1:3 He presented himself alive to them by many proofs after he had suffered, appearing to them during forty days and speaking about the kingdom of God.(1:3)
Witness of the resurrection7 Peter and John before the council (4:5-22)
4:10 then all of you and all the people of Israel should know that it was in the name of Jesus Christ the Nazarean whom you crucified, whom God raised from the dead; in his name this man stands before you healed. (4:10)
2 Mathias chosen to replace Judas (1:12-26)
1:16 "My brothers, the scripture had to be fulfilled which the holy Spirit spoke beforehand through the mouth of David, concerning Judas, who was the guide for those who arrested Jesus. (1:16)
Fulfillment of the prophecy6 Peter heals a crippled beggar (3:1-4:4)
3:18 but God has thus brought to fulfillment what he had announced beforehand through the mouth of all the prophets, that his Messiah would suffer.(3:18)
3 The coming of the Holy Spirit (2:1-13)
2:3 Then there appeared to them tongues as of fire, which parted and came to rest on each one of them.(2:3)
Split objects5 Life among the believers (2:40-47)
2:46 Every day they devoted themselves to meeting together in the temple area and to breaking bread in their homes. They ate their meals with exultation and sincerity of heart, (2:46)

4-1-2

7 Peter and John before the council (4:5-22)
  8 The believers pray for boldness (4:23-31)
    9 The believers share their possessions (4:32-37)
      10 Ananias and Sapphira (5:1-11)
    11 The apostles are persecuted (5:12-42)
  12 Seven chosen to serve (6:1-7)
13 Stephen's speech to the council (6:8-7:60)
Former halfRelationLatter half
7 Peter and John before the council (4:5-22)
Peter's apology
Apology13 Stephen's speech to the council (6:8-7:60)
Stefano's apology
8 The believers pray for boldness (4:23-31)
4:31 As they prayed, the place where they were gathered shook, and they were all filled with the holy Spirit and continued to speak the word of God with boldness.(4:31)
Filled with the holy Spirit12 Seven chosen to serve (6:1-7)
6:5 The proposal was acceptable to the whole community, so they chose Stephen, a man filled with faith and the holy Spirit, also Philip, Prochorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicholas of Antioch, a convert to Judaism. (6:5)
9 The believers share their possessions (4:32-37)
4:33 With great power the apostles bore witness to the resurrection of the Lord Jesus, and great favor was accorded them all. (4:33)
Witness of the resurrection11 The apostles are persecuted (5:12-42)
5:32 We are witnesses of these things, as is the holy Spirit that God has given to those who obey him." (5:32)

4-2

13 Stephen's speech to the council (6:8-7:60)
  14 Saul persecutes the church (8:1-3)
    15 Philip preaches in Samaria (8:4-25)
      16 Philip and the Ethiopian eunuch (8:26-40)
        17 The conversion of Saul (9:1-22)
          18 Saul in Jerusalem (9:23-31)
            19 Peter in Lydda and Joppa (9:32-43)
          20 A vision of Cornelius (10:1-23)
        21 Peter goes to the house of Cornelius (10:24-48)
      22 Peter's report to the church at Jerusalem (11:1-18)
    23 Barnabas goes to Antioch (11:19-24)
  24 The church in Antioch (11:25-30)
25 Peter delivered from prison (12:1-24)
Former halfRelationLatter half
13 Stephen's speech to the council (6:8-7:60)
7:60 Then he fell to his knees and cried out in a loud voice, "Lord, do not hold this sin against them"; and when he said this, he fell asleep.(7:60)
Martyrdom25 Peter delivered from prison (12:1-24)
12:2 He had James, the brother of John, killed by the sword,(12:2)
14 Saul persecutes the church (8:1-3)
8:1 Now Saul was consenting to his execution. On that day, there broke out a severe persecution of the church in Jerusalem, and all were scattered throughout the countryside of Judea and Samaria, except the apostles. (8:1)
Spreading from Jerusalem24 The church in Antioch (11:25-30)
11:27 At that time some prophets came down from Jerusalem to Antioch,(11:27)
15 Philip preaches in Samaria (8:4-25)
8:4 Now those who had been scattered went about preaching the word. (8:4)
Evangelization of scattered people23 Barnabas goes to Antioch (11:19-24)
11:19 Now those who had been scattered by the persecution that arose because of Stephen went as far as Phoenicia, Cyprus, and Antioch, preaching the word to no one but Jews.(11:19)
16 Philip and the Ethiopian eunuch (8:26-40)
8:38 Then he ordered the chariot to stop, and Philip and the eunuch both went down into the water, and he baptized him. (8:38)
Mission to Gentiles22 Peter's report to the church at Jerusalem (11:1-18)
11:15 As I began to speak, the holy Spirit fell upon them as it had upon us at the beginning, (11:15)
17 The conversion of Saul (9:1-22)
9:17 So Ananias went and entered the house; laying his hands on him, he said, "Saul, my brother, the Lord has sent me, Jesus who appeared to you on the way by which you came, that you may regain your sight and be filled with the holy Spirit." (9:17)
The Holy Spirit is given21 Peter goes to the house of Cornelius (10:24-48)
10:44 While Peter was still speaking these things, the holy Spirit fell upon all who were listening to the word. (10:44)
18 Saul in Jerusalem (9:23-31)
9:31 The church throughout all Judea, Galilee, and Samaria was at peace. It was being built up and walked in the fear of the Lord, and with the consolation of the holy Spirit it grew in numbers.(9:31)
Fearing the LORD20 A vision of Cornelius (10:1-23)
10:2 devout and God-fearing along with his whole household, who used to give alms generously to the Jewish people and pray to God constantly.(10:2)

4-2-1

13 Stephen's speech to the council (6:8-7:60)
  14 Saul persecutes the church (8:1-3)
    15 Philip preaches in Samaria (8:4-25)
      16 Philip and the Ethiopian eunuch (8:26-40)
    17 The conversion of Saul (9:1-22)
  18 Saul in Jerusalem (9:23-31)
19 Peter in Lydda and Joppa (9:32-43)
Former halfRelationLatter half
13 Stephen's speech to the council (6:8-7:60)
7:60 Then he fell to his knees and cried out in a loud voice, "Lord, do not hold this sin against them"; and when he said this, he fell asleep.(7:60)
Death / resurrection19 Peter in Lydda and Joppa (9:32-43)
9:41 He gave her his hand and raised her up, and when he had called the holy ones and the widows, he presented her alive. (9:41)
14 Saul persecutes the church (8:1-3)
8:1 Now Saul was consenting to his execution. On that day, there broke out a severe persecution of the church in Jerusalem, and all were scattered throughout the countryside of Judea and Samaria, except the apostles. (8:1)
Persecution18 Saul in Jerusalem (9:23-31)
9:23 After a long time had passed, the Jews conspired to kill him, (9:23)
15 Philip preaches in Samaria (8:4-25)
8:17 Then they laid hands on them and they received the holy Spirit. (8:17)
The Holy Spirit is given17 The conversion of Saul (9:1-22)
9:17 So Ananias went and entered the house; laying his hands on him, he said, "Saul, my brother, the Lord has sent me, Jesus who appeared to you on the way by which you came, that you may regain your sight and be filled with the holy Spirit." (9:17)

4-2-2

19 Peter in Lydda and Joppa (9:32-43)
  20 A vision of Cornelius (10:1-23)
    21 Peter goes to the house of Cornelius (10:24-48)
      22 Peter's report to the church at Jerusalem (11:1-18)
    23 Barnabas goes to Antioch (11:19-24)
  24 The church in Antioch (11:25-30)
25 Peter delivered from prison (12:1-24)
Former halfRelationLatter half
19 Peter in Lydda and Joppa (9:32-43)
9:34 Peter said to him, "Aeneas, Jesus Christ heals you. Get up and make your bed." He got up at once. (9:34)
Peter and miracles25 Peter delivered from prison (12:1-24)
12:7 Suddenly the angel of the Lord stood by him and a light shone in the cell. He tapped Peter on the side and awakened him, saying, "Get up quickly." The chains fell from his wrists. (12:7)
20 A vision of Cornelius (10:1-23)
10:5 Now send some men to Joppa and summon one Simon who is called Peter. (10:5)
Invitation of apostles24 The church in Antioch (11:25-30)
11:25 Then he went to Tarsus to look for Saul, (11:25)
21 Peter goes to the house of Cornelius (10:24-48)
10:44 While Peter was still speaking these things, the holy Spirit fell upon all who were listening to the word. (10:44)
Filled with the holy Spirit23 Barnabas goes to Antioch (11:19-24)
11:24 for he was a good man, filled with the holy Spirit and faith. And a large number of people was added to the Lord. (11:24)

4-3

25 Peter delivered from prison (12:1-24)
  26 Barnabas and Saul commissioned (12:25-13:13)
    27 Paul and Barnabas in Antioch of Pisidia (13:14-49)
      28 Paul and Barnabas in Lystra and Derbe (13:50-14:28)
        29 The council at Jerusalem (15:1-16:5)
          30 Paul's vision of the man of Macedonia (16:6-10)
            31 Paul and Silas in prison (16:11-40)
          32 The uproar in Thessalonica (17:1-15)
        33 Paul in Athens (17:16-34)
      34 Paul in Corinth (18:1-23)
    35 Paul in Ephesus (18:24-19:20)
  36 The riot in Ephesus (19:21-20:2)
37 Paul's farewell visit to Troas (20:3-14)
Former halfRelationLatter half
25 Peter delivered from prison (12:1-24)
12:11 Then Peter recovered his senses and said, "Now I know for certain that (the) Lord sent his angel and rescued me from the hand of Herod and from all that the Jewish people had been expecting." (12:11)
Salvation from death37 Paul's farewell visit to Troas (20:3-14)
20:10 Paul went down, threw himself upon him, and said as he embraced him, "Don't be alarmed; there is life in him."(20:10)
26 Barnabas and Saul commissioned (12:25-13:13)
13:8 But Elymas the magician (for that is what his name means) opposed them in an attempt to turn the proconsul away from the faith. (13:8)
Obstacles of pagan36 The riot in Ephesus (19:21-20:2)
19:27 The danger grows, not only that our business will be discredited, but also that the temple of the great goddess Artemis will be of no account, and that she whom the whole province of Asia and all the world worship will be stripped of her magnificence." (19:27)
27 Paul and Barnabas in Antioch of Pisidia (13:14-49)
13:49 and the word of the Lord continued to spread through the whole region. (13:49)
The word of the Lord spreads35 Paul in Ephesus (18:24-19:20)
19:20 Thus did the word of the Lord continue to spread with influence and power. (19:20)
28 Paul and Barnabas in Lystra and Derbe (13:50-14:28)
13:50 The Jews, however, incited the women of prominence who were worshipers and the leading men of the city, stirred up a persecution against Paul and Barnabas, and expelled them from their territory. (13:50)
Obstacles of Jewish people34 Paul in Corinth (18:1-23)
18:12 But when Gallio was proconsul of Achaia, the Jews rose up together against Paul and brought him to the tribunal,(18:12)
29 The council at Jerusalem (15:1-16:5)
the council at Jerusalem
Mission to Gentiles33 Paul in Athens (17:16-34)
Areopagus
30 Paul's vision of the man of Macedonia (16:6-10)
16:6 They traveled through the Phrygian and Galatian territory because they had been prevented by the holy Spirit from preaching the message in the province of Asia. (16:6)
Obstacles at travel32 The uproar in Thessalonica (17:1-15)
17:13 But when the Jews of Thessalonica learned that the word of God had now been proclaimed by Paul in Beroea also, they came there too to cause a commotion and stir up the crowds. (17:13)

4-3-1

25 Peter delivered from prison (12:1-24)
  26 Barnabas and Saul commissioned (12:25-13:13)
    27 Paul and Barnabas in Antioch of Pisidia (13:14-49)
      28 Paul and Barnabas in Lystra and Derbe (13:50-14:28)
    29 The council at Jerusalem (15:1-16:5)
  30 Paul's vision of the man of Macedonia (16:6-10)
31 Paul and Silas in prison (16:11-40)
Former halfRelationLatter half
25 Peter delivered from prison (12:1-24)
12:7 Suddenly the angel of the Lord stood by him and a light shone in the cell. He tapped Peter on the side and awakened him, saying, "Get up quickly." The chains fell from his wrists. (12:7)
Going out of the prison31 Paul and Silas in prison (16:11-40)
16:40 When they had come out of the prison, they went to Lydia's house where they saw and encouraged the brothers, and then they left.(16:40)
26 Barnabas and Saul commissioned (12:25-13:13)
13:3 Then, completing their fasting and prayer, they laid hands on them and sent them off. (13:3)
Going to mission30 Paul's vision of the man of Macedonia (16:6-10)
16:10 When he had seen the vision, we sought passage to Macedonia at once, concluding that God had called us to proclaim the good news to them.(16:10)
27 Paul and Barnabas in Antioch of Pisidia (13:14-49)
13:46 Both Paul and Barnabas spoke out boldly and said, "It was necessary that the word of God be spoken to you first, but since you reject it and condemn yourselves as unworthy of eternal life, we now turn to the Gentiles. (13:46)
Mission to Gentiles29 The council at Jerusalem (15:1-16:5)
the council at Jerusalem

4-3-2

31 Paul and Silas in prison (16:11-40)
  32 The uproar in Thessalonica (17:1-15)
    33 Paul in Athens (17:16-34)
      34 Paul in Corinth (18:1-23)
    35 Paul in Ephesus (18:24-19:20)
  36 The riot in Ephesus (19:21-20:2)
37 Paul's farewell visit to Troas (20:3-14)
Former halfRelationLatter half
31 Paul and Silas in prison (16:11-40)
16:18 She did this for many days. Paul became annoyed, turned, and said to the spirit, "I command you in the name of Jesus Christ to come out of her." Then it came out at that moment. (16:18)
Paul's miracles37 Paul's farewell visit to Troas (20:3-14)
20:10 Paul went down, threw himself upon him, and said as he embraced him, "Don't be alarmed; there is life in him."(20:10)
32 The uproar in Thessalonica (17:1-15)
17:5 But the Jews became jealous and recruited some worthless men loitering in the public square, formed a mob, and set the city in turmoil. They marched on the house of Jason, intending to bring them before the peoples assembly. (17:5)
Riot caused by opponents36 The riot in Ephesus (19:21-20:2)
19:29 The city was filled with confusion, and the people rushed with one accord into the theater, seizing Gaius and Aristarchus, the Macedonians, Pauls traveling companions. (19:29)
33 Paul in Athens (17:16-34)
17:17 So he debated in the synagogue with the Jews and with the worshipers, and daily in the public square with whoever happened to be there. (17:17)
Paul debates35 Paul in Ephesus (18:24-19:20)
19:9 But when some in their obstinacy and disbelief disparaged the Way before the assembly, he withdrew and took his disciples with him and began to hold daily discussions in the lecture hall of Tyrannus. (19:9)

4-4

37 Paul's farewell visit to Troas (20:3-14)
  38 The voyage from Troas to Miletus (20:15-38)
    39 Paul goes to Jerusalem (21:1-17)
      40 Paul visits James at Jerusalem (21:18-26)
        41 Paul tells of his conversion (21:27-23:10)
          42 The plot to kill Paul (23:11-35)
            43 Paul before Felix at Caesarea (24:1-26)
          44 Paul appeals to the emperor (24:27-25:12)
        45 Festus consults king Agrippa (25:13-22)
      46 Paul defends himself before Agrippa (25:23-26:32)
    47 The storm at sea (27:1-44)
  48 Paul on the Island of Malta (28:1-15)
49 Paul preaches in Rome (28:16-31)
Former halfRelationLatter half
37 Paul's farewell visit to Troas (20:3-14)
20:7 On the first day of the week when we gathered to break bread, Paul spoke to them because he was going to leave on the next day, and he kept on speaking until midnight.(20:7)
Paul keeps on speaking until midnight49 Paul preaches in Rome (28:16-31)
28:23 So they arranged a day with him and came to his lodgings in great numbers. From early morning until evening, he expounded his position to them, bearing witness to the kingdom of God and trying to convince them about Jesus from the law of Moses and the prophets. (28:23)
38 The voyage from Troas to Miletus (20:15-38)
20:26 And so I solemnly declare to you this day that I am not responsible for the blood of any of you, (20:26)
Paul's innocence48 Paul on the Island of Malta (28:1-15)
28:6 They were expecting him to swell up or suddenly to fall down dead but, after waiting a long time and seeing nothing unusual happen to him, they changed their minds and began to say that he was a god. (28:6)
39 Paul goes to Jerusalem (21:1-17)
21:4 There we sought out the disciples and stayed for a week. They kept telling Paul through the Spirit not to embark for Jerusalem. (21:4)
Warning of danger47 The storm at sea (27:1-44)
27:10 "Men, I can see that this voyage will result in severe damage and heavy loss not only to the cargo and the ship, but also to our lives." (27:10)
40 Paul visits James at Jerusalem (21:18-26)
21:21 They have been informed that you are teaching all the Jews who live among the Gentiles to abandon Moses and that you are telling them not to circumcise their children or to observe their customary practices. (21:21)
Jewish customs46 Paul defends himself before Agrippa (25:23-26:32)
26:3 especially since you are an expert in all the Jewish customs and controversies. And therefore I beg you to listen patiently. (26:3)
41 Paul tells of his conversion (21:27-23:10)
23:9 A great uproar occurred, and some scribes belonging to the Pharisee party stood up and sharply argued, "We find nothing wrong with this man. Suppose a spirit or an angel has spoken to him?" (23:9)
Paul's innocence45 Festus consults king Agrippa (25:13-22)
25:18 His accusers stood around him, but did not charge him with any of the crimes I suspected. (25:18)
42 The plot to kill Paul (23:11-35)
23:12 When day came, the Jews made a plot and bound themselves by oath not to eat or drink until they had killed Paul. (23:12)
Plot to kill44 Paul appeals to the emperor (24:27-25:12)
25:3 as a favor to have him sent to Jerusalem, for they were plotting to kill him along the way. (25:3)

4-4-1

37 Paul's farewell visit to Troas (20:3-14)
  38 The voyage from Troas to Miletus (20:15-38)
    39 Paul goes to Jerusalem (21:1-17)
      40 Paul visits James at Jerusalem (21:18-26)
    41 Paul tells of his conversion (21:27-23:10)
  42 The plot to kill Paul (23:11-35)
43 Paul before Felix at Caesarea (24:1-26)
Former halfRelationLatter half
37 Paul's farewell visit to Troas (20:3-14)
20:12 And they took the boy away alive and were immeasurably comforted. (20:12)
Resurrection of dead43 Paul before Felix at Caesarea (24:1-26)
24:21 unless it was my one outcry as I stood among them, that 'I am on trial before you today for the resurrection of the dead.'" (24:21)
38 The voyage from Troas to Miletus (20:15-38)
20:19 I served the Lord with all humility and with the tears and trials that came to me because of the plots of the Jews, (20:19)
Jewish conspiracy42 The plot to kill Paul (23:11-35)
23:12 When day came, the Jews made a plot and bound themselves by oath not to eat or drink until they had killed Paul. (23:12)
39 Paul goes to Jerusalem (21:1-17)
21:11 He came up to us, took Paul's belt, bound his own feet and hands with it, and said, "Thus says the holy Spirit: This is the way the Jews will bind the owner of this belt in Jerusalem, and they will hand him over to the Gentiles." (21:11)
Arrest by Gentiles41 Paul tells of his conversion (21:27-23:10)
21:33 The cohort commander came forward, arrested him, and ordered him to be secured with two chains; he tried to find out who he might be and what he had done. (21:33)

4-4-2

43 Paul before Felix at Caesarea (24:1-26)
  44 Paul appeals to the emperor (24:27-25:12)
    45 Festus consults king Agrippa (25:13-22)
      46 Paul defends himself before Agrippa (25:23-26:32)
    47 The storm at sea (27:1-44)
  48 Paul on the Island of Malta (28:1-15)
49 Paul preaches in Rome (28:16-31)
Former halfRelationLatter half
43 Paul before Felix at Caesarea (24:1-26)
24:14 But this I do admit to you, that according to the Way, which they call a sect, I worship the God of our ancestors and I believe everything that is in accordance with the law and written in the prophets. (24:14)
Argumentation based on the Bible49 Paul preaches in Rome (28:16-31)
28:23 So they arranged a day with him and came to his lodgings in great numbers. From early morning until evening, he expounded his position to them, bearing witness to the kingdom of God and trying to convince them about Jesus from the law of Moses and the prophets. (28:23)
44 Paul appeals to the emperor (24:27-25:12)
25:12 Then Festus, after conferring with his council, replied, "You have appealed to Caesar. To Caesar you will go." (25:12)
Travel to Rome48 Paul on the Island of Malta (28:1-15)
28:14 There we found some brothers and were urged to stay with them for seven days. And thus we came to Rome. (28:14)
45 Festus consults king Agrippa (25:13-22)
25:21 And when Paul appealed that he be held in custody for the Emperor's decision, I ordered him held until I could send him to Caesar." (25:21)
Convoy47 The storm at sea (27:1-44)
27:1 When it was decided that we should sail to Italy, they handed Paul and some other prisoners over to a centurion named Julius of the Cohort Augusta. (27:1)

Citations of the Bible are from New American Bible, New Revised Standard Version and New Jerusalem Bible.

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Literary Structure of the Bible by Hajime Murai is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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